{"id":11499,"date":"2018-03-30T08:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-03-30T12:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/?p=11499"},"modified":"2018-03-29T14:02:55","modified_gmt":"2018-03-29T18:02:55","slug":"brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Brian Keene&#8217;s History of Horror Fiction, Chapter Five: 12th Century Feminist Werewolf Fiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"10861\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/history-horror-fiction-one-not-man-job\/historyofhorror_banner\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?fit=830%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"830,120\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"HistoryofHorror_Banner\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?fit=830%2C120&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10861\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?resize=830%2C120&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"830\" height=\"120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?w=830&amp;ssl=1 830w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?resize=350%2C51&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/HistoryofHorror_Banner.jpg?resize=768%2C111&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 984px) 61vw, (max-width: 1362px) 45vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ve explored how the supernatural informed much of humankind\u2019s early written works, from the various texts of the world\u2019s religions to cultural folklore and myths to fiction. Eventually, one religion began to influence them all. Around the same time that anonymous writer was penning <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beowulf<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Roman Catholic church\u2019s first official accusation of real-life Satanism took place in the French city of Toulouse.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11503\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11503\" style=\"width: 853px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11503\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/woodcut\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?fit=1537%2C864&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1537,864\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"woodcut\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?fit=853%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-11503 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?resize=853%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?resize=350%2C197&amp;ssl=1 350w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?resize=1200%2C675&amp;ssl=1 1200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/woodcut.jpg?w=1537&amp;ssl=1 1537w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 85vw, (max-width: 909px) 67vw, (max-width: 1362px) 62vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11503\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">French woodcut depicting an attack by a werewolf.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed, after Rome\u2019s Edict of Milan, Christianity spread throughout Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. As it expanded, it came into contact with the religions and writings of other cultures, which the church regarded as pagan. The pagan deities were then converted to Christian demons, and the fauns, satyrs, and other supernatural monsters we\u2019ve discussed in previous chapters were matched with characters from Christian iconography that had similar physical traits. Thus, Satan was now more likely to be depicted as the great god Pan, complete with horns and cloven hooves, than he was the serpent from the Bible\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genesis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Epic of Gilgamesh.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But Christianity wasn\u2019t the only thing influencing supernatural fiction, and by the twelfth century, horror writers were using another monster to depict a very specific human fear&#8212;one that all women have felt at one time in their life, from the days of ancient Rome to Harvey Weinstein\u2019s casting couch in 2017. It\u2019s a fear that transcends religion, race, class, and financial status. And in an era when our civilization seems more divided by our political differences than ever before, it\u2019s a fear transcends those, as well. Conservative, Progressive, or Middle-Of-The-Roader like myself&#8212;it\u2019s not politically controversial to acknowledge the unfortunate truth that some men have treated women abhorrently throughout humankind\u2019s existence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They have.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At some point in their lives, most women have had to ask themselves, \u201cAm I comfortable being left alone with this particular man? Can I trust him?\u201d That\u2019s a very particular kind of fear.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And in the twelfth century, several female horror writers symbolized that fear via another supernatural creature of old&#8212;the werewolf. <\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11501\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11501\" style=\"width: 240px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11501\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/medwoman\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/medwoman.jpg?fit=300%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"300,438\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"medwoman\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/medwoman.jpg?fit=300%2C438&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-11501 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/medwoman.jpg?resize=240%2C350&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/medwoman.jpg?resize=240%2C350&amp;ssl=1 240w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/medwoman.jpg?w=300&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 85vw, 240px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11501\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marie de France<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marie de France was the first female French poet. In 1911, scholar Eugene Mason wrote, \u201cAn age so feminist in its sympathies as ours should be attracted the more easily to Marie de France, because she was both an artist and a woman. To deliver oneself through any medium is always difficult. For a woman of the Middle Ages to express herself publicly by any means whatever was almost impossible.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proficient in many languages, including Latin, English, and Breton, Francien (with some Anglo-Norman influence), she is known to have translated many Greek and Roman myths, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aesop\u2019s Fables<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and more. One of her most notable translations are her twelve Breton lais. Lais were rhymes sung by minstrels. Marie de France then translated these into written poems. One of them was a werewolf story called \u201cBisclavret.\u201d The story concerns a baron in Brittany who has a terrible secret that he refuses to share with his wife. Every week, he vanishes for three full days. Distraught, his wife begs him to tell her the truth. The baron reveals that he is a werewolf. His wife is shocked by the revelation that there is a hidden beast lurking inside of this man she loved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBisclavret\u201d went on to influence other werewolf fiction. It was translated into Old Norse, and eventually Icelandic as the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tiodels<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> saga, reworked twice more in French as \u201cBiclarel\u201d and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melion<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the latter of which clearly influenced in Sir Thomas Malory\u2019s King Arthur epic <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le Morte d\u2019Arthur<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Modern day reworkings and adaptations include <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Wolf Hunt<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Gillian Bradshaw, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tattooed Wolf<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by K. Bannerman, and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This Is Not A Werewolf Story<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Sandra Evans.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guillaume de Palerme<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is another werewolf story from the twelfth century. Commissioned by the Countess Yolande, the daughter of Count Baldwin IV, it tells the story of Guillaume, a commoner who falls in love with Melior, the daughter of a Roman emperor. Luckily for Guillaume, Melior loves him back. There\u2019s just one problem\u2014she has been promised to a Greek prince. The two lovers escape together into the forest and disguise themselves in bear skins. Meanwhile, Guillaume\u2019s cousin, Alfonso, has been turned into a wolf by his evil stepmother. He also flees into the forest and encounters the lovestruck fugitives. Alfonso, in wolf form, protects them from the dangers of the forest and catches food for them. Eventually, they all live happily ever after. Guillaume and Melior get married, and Alfonso is changed back into a human again.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is interesting to note that all of the werewolf stories cited above not only depict the struggle of good versus evil, like all horror fiction, but also symbolize the conflict between the doctrine of the Christian church and a rapidly changing society. Even then, horror fiction wasn\u2019t just depicting the fears of the times, but making them safe for the public and challenging convention and accepted mores.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11502\" style=\"width: 348px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"11502\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/vlad\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vlad.gif?fit=398%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"398,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"vlad\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vlad.gif?fit=398%2C400&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-11502 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vlad.gif?resize=348%2C350&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"348\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vlad.gif?resize=348%2C350&amp;ssl=1 348w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/vlad.gif?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 348px) 85vw, 348px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Markus Ayrer&#8217;s VLAD III.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The beast hiding inside some men wasn\u2019t the only topical fear in pre-Elizabethan horror. Sometimes, the fiction depicted the evil that men do openly and without remorse. Vlad the Impaler was the subject of many German pamphlets (similar to modern-day chapbooks) in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, beginning with <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Die Geschicht Dracole Waide<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Books describing the atrocities he committed (impaling victims, eating their flesh, drinking their blood, dismemberment, rape, and dozens of other torture methods and examples of cruelty) were the first documented bestsellers in German-speaking territories. Among the most popular were a series accompanied with graphic, horrific woodcuts rendered by Markus Ayrer. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The crimes attributed to Giles de Rais are thought to be the inspiration for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bluebeard<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but we\u2019ll get to that next month, as well as an examination of the horror fiction of the Elizabethan era.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.briankeene.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brian Keene<\/a>\u00a0is the author of over fifty books, as well as hundreds of short stories and dozens of comic books. He also hosts the popular podcast\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thehorrorshowwithbriankeene.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Horror Show with Brian Keene<\/a>. The father of two sons, Keene lives in rural Pennsylvania.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We\u2019ve explored how the supernatural informed much of humankind\u2019s early written works, from the various texts of the world\u2019s religions to cultural folklore and myths to fiction. Eventually, one religion began to influence them all. Around the same time that anonymous writer was penning Beowulf, the Roman Catholic church\u2019s first official accusation of real-life Satanism &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/\" class=\"more-link button bg-gold white\">Continue Reading!<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Brian Keene&#8217;s History of Horror Fiction, Chapter Five: 12th Century Feminist Werewolf Fiction&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1328],"tags":[365,294,1329],"class_list":["post-11499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction","tag-brian-keene","tag-columns","tag-history-of-horror-fiction"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Brian Keene&#039;s History of Horror Fiction, Chapter Five: 12th Century Feminist Werewolf Fiction<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Brian Keene&#039;s latest History of Horror Fiction examines 12th Century Feminist Werewolf Fiction, exclusively on Cemetery Dance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cemeterydance.com\/extras\/brian-keenes-history-of-horror-fiction-chapter-five-12th-century-feminist-werewolf-fiction\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Cemetery Dance Online\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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